The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.